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Collocability of German Adjectives in a Bilingual Dictionary
Budín, Tomáš ; Vachková, Marie (advisor) ; Šemelík, Martin (referee)
This diploma thesis researchs the collocability of the german adjectives and gives some suggestions for the presentation of the collocability in the microstructure of the adjectival entries in the German-Czech translatory dictionary. The diploma thesis is a secondary product of the project of The Large German-Czech Academic Dictionary which has been realized in the Institute for German studies of the Phaculty of Arts of Charles University in Prague since 2000. The lexicographs use the methods of the corpus linguistics, especially a combination of the concepts corpus-based and corpus-driven. Analogous methods were used in this diploma thesis. By means of the Cooccurrence Data Bank (CCDB) of the Institute for the German language in Mannheim the most frequent cooccurrence partners of an adjectiv were found, concrete dictionary examples were found out in the corpus DeReKo of the IDS Mannheim using COSMAS II or on the Internet using the search engine Google. The dates were saved in a special numerical chart of a data bank which is structured on the basis of word classes. The diploma thesis comes to the conclusion that each adjectival entry can be carried out in more ways depending on the preferred criterion which can be frequency based, syntactical, semantical or didactical. In the practical part of the...
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Respondents of the Spanish superlative absolute (contrastive corpus analysis)
KROČKOVÁ, Karolína
This bachelor thesis deals mainly with the Spanish absolute superlative and the issue of its translation into the Czech language. In the theoretical part, the general characteristics, classification and gradation of adjectives are introduced in general, and then the absolute superlative is discussed in great detail. In the practical part, a representative sample for a given linguistic phenomenon is defined and excerpted, and its mutual response in both languages is monitored, based on a corpus analysis in the Czech National Corpus InterCorp. The aim of the work is to collect the language means used for the translation of the absolute superlative and their frequency.
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Anteposition and postposition of adjectives (contrastive analysis)
SOUKUPOVÁ, Alexandra
The topic of the thesis is the position of adjectives in the sentence, specifically issues of anteposition and postposition in Spanish language. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the presentation of the adjectives themselves, description of their functions and qualities and to theoretical overview of the rules which adjectives follow to set their position. The second part is focused on the group of adjectives which change their meaning according to their position. The research was made through the database Český národní korpus which we used to look up concrete adjectives in the text. Then we studied their translation and assessed it.
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Plural of nouns and adjectives - variations in written French
NĚMEČKOVÁ, Martina
This bachelor thesis studies plural forms of nouns and adjectives and their variation in written language. The thesis consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The goal of the first part is to introduce the singular : plural opposition in connection with nouns and adjectives in general. After that, the focus is on the concrete formation of the plural form of nouns and adjectives. The practical part of the thesis aims to qualitatively and quantitatively analyse specific nouns that show this kind of variation. This research is done with the help of two corpora: FrWac and L'est Républicain.
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Adjectival, Verbal and Nominal Collocational Patterns of the Word ´ life´.
VALIHRACHOVÁ, Renata
The topic of this diploma thesis is the adjectival, verbal and nominal collocational patterns of the word {\clqq}life.`` In the theoretical part I started with the terms {\clqq}collocations and syntagmatic relations`` and compared different points of view of various authors. Then I briefly mentioned the peculiarities of the following terms: adjective, noun and verb. Nevertheless, my thesis focuses on practical reseach of the examined excerpts. This part is mainly concerned with the functions which the word {\clqq}life`` can have and explores what adjectives, verbs and nouns it habitually collocates with.
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Attributive and Predicative Functions of Czech Adjectives
Manukjanová, Hana ; Lehečková, Eva (advisor) ; Synková, Pavlína (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the distinction of attributive and predicative adjectives in contemporary Czech. Although this distinction is very important for defining adjectives as a word class in many languages, there was only little attention paid to it in Czech so far. This thesis is based on the work of František Čermák Lexikon a sémantika (2010). It is strongly inspired by english tradition of linguistics, which is also a reason, why he introduces a new term predicative adjectives in Czech. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part contains theoretical description of predicative and attributive function of adjectives. It is based on information contained in czech and foreign grammarbooks, handbooks or research papers. The goal is to summarize these separate information. The theoretical part deals with the basic characteristic of both types of adjectives, it focuses also on description of their semantics, word form and valency, which depends on it. This part contains definitions of some questionable points or inaccuracies of these descriptions too. The second part of this thesis is given to corpus research. The questionable points or inaccuracies of the descriptions defined in the first part of this thesis are examined on the material of Czech national corpus, concretely the corpus SYN2010....
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Position of adjectives in Spanish and French - developmental trends
Řezníčková, Nikola ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Nováková, Sylva (referee)
The Abstract The name of the dissertation: The position of adjectives in Spanish and French - increasing tendency The keywords: adjective, Spanish, French, a position of adjectives, anteposition, postposition, increasing tendency. The dissertation named The position of adjectives in Spanish and French French - increasing tendency deals with issues of position of adjectives in French and Spanish language. The main topic of this dissertation is tendency to anteposition for these two languages. It's split to several parts which are separated by themes. At the beginning, we are focusing on adjectives in general and to its basic properties as a part of speech. After, we will get to know an adjective from semantic and syntactic aspect, which is underlying exactly for the position of adjective. In the end of the theoretical part we will also focus on increasing tendency in this area. The practical part will be about corpus and questionnaire research which is intended for native speakers. The aim of this dissertation is confirm or disprove a hypothesis of common tendency to anteposition for French and Spanish adjectives.
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Comparative study of color categories in Russian and Czech. Cognitive and Cultural Approach
Dolgikh, Ekaterina ; Čmejrková, Světla (advisor) ; Vaňková, Irena (referee) ; Dulebova, Irina (referee)
E. G. Dolgikh Comparative study of color categories in Russian and Czech. Cognitive and Cultural Approach Summary The purpose of the study was to describe the contents of the selected categories of colors («Синий цвет», «Голубой цвет», «Коричневый цвет», «Серый цвет», «Розовый цвет», «Оранжевый цвет», «Фиолетовый цвет», «Modrá barva», «Hnědá barva», «Šedá barva», «Růžová barva», «Oranžová barva», «Fialová barva») using the example of their basic terms (синий, голубой, коричневый, серый, розовый, оранжевый, фиолетовый, modrý, hnědý, šedý, růžový, oranžový, fialový) in Russian and Czech, as well as to reveal the specifics of color vision of the world of Czech and Russian speakers by comparing the obtained data. In this study we chose to use the cognitive and cultural approach to the language where, for example, the lexical meaning of the word is viewed as a holistic image, a realized physical and sensual experience. The nature of the study has cultural linguistic tone, because, first of all, it examines the facts of the language and helps in making linguistic conclusions, and, secondly, - the results of the study allow us to make some conclusions about the social and cultural characteristics of Russians and Czechs. The study is based on analysis of contexts where selected color terms are used in the artistic...
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Syntax of Adjective Compounds in a Bilingual Dictionary
Schmidtová, Iva ; Vachková, Marie (advisor) ; Hejhalová, Věra (referee)
The aim of the given thesis is to expound the problem of syntax processing by creating adjectival compounds in dictionary entries for the Large German-Czech Academic Dictionary. Assuming that exactly these words, which belong to the complicated vocabulary items, cause difficulties for foreign speakers with text comprehension and text production. It is based on the nature of German language, which makes many compounds, as opposed to in Czech language. Not only are the meanings of these words revealed to be problematic, but also their usage. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with characteristics of adjectives as word class, and because each word always has its context, attention will be primarily focused on the adjectival valency. Previously, only the valency of verbs and substantives has been discussed. When a native speaker automatically knows these syntax structures and even when, in case of foreign language, there could exist structural similarities between the source and target language, the structures ought consequently to be given in the dictionary. In some mono- or bilingual dictionary the user should find complex informations for word searched. The practical part involves analysis of ten chosen adjective compounds, which shows how the valency structures are...
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Evaluative prefixes archi-, super-, hyper-, extra- in present-day French
Šindelářová, Jana ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Duběda, Tomáš (referee)
This work is concerned with using of evaluative prefixes of types archi-, extra-, hyper- and super- in french. The theoretical part concentrates on connecting of these prefixes with different types of words, like nouns, adjectives, adverbs and verbs. We are concerned above all with adjectives, where these prefixes are used when forming an absolute superlative. Further ways of forming an absolute superlative are specified here for comparison with the use of these prefixes. Furthermore, this work examines the use of these lexemes as single standing words. The practical part targets concrete examples of prefix connections archi-, extra-, hyper-, super- with adjectives used by native speakers. The target is to investigate according to which rule these prefixes are connected with adjectives, which one is the most and the least used and if there is any diference in using these prefixes among men and women. Key words: Morphology, word formation, word composition, prefix, evaluative prefix, prefixoid, suffix, noun, adjective, verb, adverb.
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